Poisonous principle: Large amounts of gallotannins, and possibly other compounds identified as quercitrin and quercitin. Animals poisoned: Poultry (eating seeds). During winter, the tangle of dead stems persists, forming a mat over desirable vegetation. alternate, pinnately divided into 7-23 Division of Plant Industry. entire margin. Formerly, two classes were recognizeddicots and monocotsbut recent advances have shown that some dicot lineages differentiated before the emergence of the monocots and higher dicots. pubescent, not spiny. : As in Kalmia. purgative action. long, pale beneath; flowers in short lateral clusters Oleander. Animals poisoned: Animals with areas of white skin. Treatment: Symptomatic (gastroenteritis and fluid replacement). It is a summer annual, herbaceous, broadleaved plant that is not well-recognized as being an edible plant. Periodicity: Spring, when young leaves and shoots are tender. ), which may live in great numbers in baled alfalfa hay. Distribution: Southern United States, rarely in North Carolina. Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, exhaustion, Treatment: Saline purgative, followed by (wahoo, stupor, and death from frequent ingestions. Iris Parts of plant: Leaves and especially the unripe (green) fruit. respiratory difficulties, and paralysis; death from R. maximum L. - Maleberry, - Poinsettia. demulcent; parenteral injection of fluids and electrolytes, especially sodium; atropine if indicated. (Group number 2.) Ell.) (Map 6). Description: (Fig. Is Persicaria odorata poisonous? Semi-evergreen, it makes a fine choice for using as ground cover in a mixed herbaceous border, and its blooms are popular with pollinators. Necropsy: Hard fat deposits in abdominal cavity. (Amianthium angustifolium Although I am not a tea drinker, several loved ones are, and look forward to the added flavoring in my homemade teas once the plant starts popping up in the spring. Description: (Fig. 14). Symptoms: Mouth and throat irritation, head shaking, intense salivation, swelling of the Marine Invasions Research Lab. (Dangerous, but generally unavailable). (Group 4). petals without glands at the base. - Symptoms: Depression, diarrhea, and rapid pulse in cattle, sheep, and goats. Poisonous principle: A mixture of compounds called podophyllin, a drug used as a Whichever type of these small flowers you choose to forage for, know that there are many uses for these annual plants. Symptoms: Depresses central nervous system and causes congestion of the lungs and liver. Edema of connective tissue around kidneys, with blood in the Animals poisoned: Cattle, chickens, and horses. The tops of Habitat: Open boggy areas on the coastal plain; slopes and cliffs in the mountains. opposite, sessile, acute at the apex. Distribution: (Map 32) Infrequent in the coastal plain and lower piedmont. Habitat: Rich woods and open fields or pastures. hemorrhages throughout, laryngeal edema, intestinal ulcers, low platelet count, and Cowslip. It is the houseplants, of course, that are most dangerous to pets. [3] It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide. It is a shrub with red flowers, and three delta-shaped Treatment: Oil-type laxative; corolla white, inverted urn-shaped, constricted near the tubular tip, the short lobes somewhat spreading. respiratory distress, difficult and open mouth breathing, lowered head, nasal discharge, elevated temperature, audible expiratory grunt, reluctance to move. Periodicity: Late summer and fall when palatable forage is scarce. urethritis purgatives; tannic acid orally. Flowers small in axillary clusters or terminal Transplantation of ruminal microflora. hemorrhages. Animals poisoned: Cattle and horses browsing vines or clippings. Habitat: Moist fields and open pinelands, edges of marshes and swamps. Death on exertion. Parts of plant: Green or dry leaves and tops; 15-30 g of green leaves are enough to kill one horse or cow. The seeds are small and often distributed by accidental movement. mucous membrane, and others. Distribution: (Map 57) Fairly common in the mountains. (Pursh) A. Alternatively, grow it in a pot on the patio and display it in its own right. Flowers with 2 rounded spurs; dark pink; Leaves large, Treatment: Immediately remove animals from pastures. leaflets 7-25, entire and oval or elliptical. (Dangerous, but rarely eaten). Cohosh. There are many native species, and several are commonly cultivated as houseplants. Sorghum, Sudan-grass, Feeding 10% calcium hydroxide may prevent symptoms. raceme. Native Americans used the leaves in treatments of stomach pains and poison ivy. Symptoms: Intense, direct irritation of the skin and mucous membrane of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Melia azederach sepals 2, petals 4, capsule of 5 carpels. Animals poisoned: Cattle and horses, but they seldom eat this plant. Coffeeweed, Coffeebean, Bagpod-sesbania. Moist or dry woods. annual with stem not winged (Fig. mucous membranes). - Found in fields, roadsides, waste places, and open woods; mountains and piedmont - Fetter-bush. Avoid potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics L. - Eastern baccharis, Silverling, Groundsel-tree. cockle, Corn campion. This plant should be suspected, however, until more information is available. Seeds can also be transported in contaminated soil found on heavy machinery and logging equipment. Annual with hairy stems; flowers pale blue; fruit and calyx become inflated at maturity mucous membranes) plus a histamine. petals 5, pink to purple; stamens 10. petals lacking or 5, yellow; stamens many. Treating animals with methylene blue has failed to produce rewarding responses; however, it is not contraindicated and may be used in life-threatening situations. wide) and tapered leaf apex. Flowers yellow, 10-18 mm long, with spur 4-8 mm; fruits erect. If using a different glyphosate product, be sure to check the product label to see if a surfactant is needed (some come premixed). Simply because what you put in your mouth or on your body stems from a naturally growing plant, that doesnt mean it is safe for everyone to use or that it will not have a negative reaction when combined with either OTC or prescription medications. These are evergreen shrubs with Death if eaten in large enough quantity. The two look similar and oriental ladys thumb has the telltale pink flowers. Parts of plant: Leaves and stems, green or wilted. Legumes flattened but conspicuously swollen over each of the two seeds, pointed at both ends, and often persisting throughout the winter. The lance-shaped leaves of the pinkhead knotweed plants are between 2 and 11 inches (5-28 cm.) Moist woods or stream banks. 7) A coarse, smooth branching herb, 3-12 ft tall, with a large alternate, trifoliolate leaves, the leaflets with toothed margins. L. - A. flava (Daubentonia Leaves opposite or enteritis, and yellow discoloration of fat. Found in rich woods of the high mountains Periodicity: Spring -- this is one of the earliest plants to appear in the spring, at a time when other forage is scarce. This combination retains much of the selectivity of preemergence herbicides alone, but it lets you apply closer to or even after germination. Treatment: Purgative, demulcents, and heart Animals poisoned: Cattle primarily, sheep are more resistant; usually not eaten if other forage is available. Subscribe today. coma, and finally die. Parts of plant: Seeds and, to some extent, the leaves. L. - Ground-ivy, Treatment: Sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate for cyanide poisoning. Symptoms: Five to 10 days after eating the plant, animals experience weakness, trembling, incoordination and falling, paralysis of hind limbs, and sternal recumbancy. The bulbs of these ornamentals may be dangerous to celandine, Swallow-wort, Rock-poppy. Distribution: Fairly common throughout the entire state; a native of Europe. Necropsy: Hemorrhaging of kidney, heart, and rumen, congestion of lungs, and a pale, Group number: 5. 8) A coarse, winter annual to 3 ft tall; stems slender, erect, branched, and covered with whitish silky hairs. Treatment: Diuretic, demulcent, Description: Deciduous tree. Honeysuckle leaves are usually over 3/4 in. LAMBKILL ( Kalmia augustifolia ); leaves, nectar; gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous systems affected by andromedotoxin and arbutin. (L.) Nutt. L. - Great lobelia, Blue cardinal Lolium temulentum Tobacco may also be dangerous to puppies and birds if they have access to cigarettes, (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) Flowers much reduced and clustered in small cup-like structures that resemble a flower. Shub.) diarrhea, respiratory paralysis, and death. 4) Perennial herb with orange-red juice, arising from a horizontal spp. These last two species are questionably poisonous. P. pensylvanica Distribution: (Map 4) Mountains and rarely in the piedmont. Baptisia perennial underground creeping rhizome (stem). Symptoms: Repeated eating of small doses causes a chronic poisoning called githagism; large doses cause acute poisoning, irritation of the digestive tract, vomiting, Symptoms: Frothing at mouth, nausea, vomiting, weakness and staggering, rapid and irregular respiration, lower than normal temperature. Cicuta. astringents, and nerve and heart sedatives if the animal does not die within a short time. dogs. racemes. Vomiting, bloody intenstine. alternate, odd-pinnately compound, leaflets 7-15 pairs. Marsh. No information regarding the poisonous nature of this species is available, but it was considered poisonous by Duncan (1958). Periodicity: Summer and fall, also spring and winter. Treatment: Use other hay; alternating the sweet-clover with other hay does not cause trouble. These are dissolved in 20 ml of water and given subcutaneously for each 500 lb of body weight. Cicuta maculata tall, arising annually from a wide at maturity, dull, and not nearly as pointed at the apex. Flowers white in drooping Fruit 2-winged, each half with a single, basal seed. Agrostemma githago L. Sleum. Symptoms: Effect on skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver. Suaeda linearis (sea-blite), and Atriplex arenaria (beach-orach). Treatment: No specific treatment. Fruit berry-like and juicy. Sudden death from high cyanide concentration (cherry red blood and Treatment: Spontaneous recovery possible. The fruit is similar to that of They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison. Respiratory and skeletal muscle relaxants may be of value. - Sneezeweed, Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin (toxalbumins); alkaloids. (Pursh) B. There are also long bristles in the flower clusters of oriental ladys thumb (which is known as P. longisetum instead of P. maculosa). Found in rich woods; scattered throughout. L. mariana Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Buckl.) leaflets, each obovate and entire margined. Necropsy: Characteristic of gastroenteritis; fatty degeneration of liver and kidney. The leaves, stems, and flowers from Ladys Thumb can be eaten either raw or cooked. Preemergence applications will cause less damage to non-target species than postemergence applications. Treatment: Nutrients and fluids. ivy, Ivy-bush. raceme of nodding, white, aromatic, bell-shaped flowers. harlequin. Lachnanthes caroliniana Reviewed by Norris Muth, Amy Jewitt, and Andrew Rohrbaugh. Parts of plant: Roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. M. virginicum L. (found throughout the (Fig. petals irregular, 1-spurred at the base (on the upper side). Flowers in terminal L. - Red buckeye, Firecracker Stump sprouts are common. spp. Similar to the above except for 8-12 Poisonous principle: Various alkaloids of the veratrum group. It is caustic to the gastrointestinal tract; overdoses can be fatal. Distribution: (Map 10) Mountains and only locally in the piedmont. Symptoms: Depression, trembling, abdominal pain, vomiting, faster and irregular heart action, bloody Habitat: Open woods and fields of the coastal plain, rich woods of the piedmont and mountains. Necropsy: Gastrointestinal irritation, engorgement and microscopic damage of liver Broomcorn, Durra, Shattercane. Laxatives and gastrointestinal protectants suggested. Distribution: (Map 38) Native of Europe, this plant has become naturalized as a weed in this country. Stems erect and spreading, often much branched. leaflets very small. glabrous. lily. Fumewort. Minimum lethal dose for sheep is 15-20 oz of young leaves per 100 lb of body weight. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery, Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide, Problem Weeds in Field Crops: Managing Perennials, Problem Weeds in Field Crops: Managing Annuals and Biennials, Johnsongrass and Shattercane Control: An Integrated Approach, Orchard IPM - Scouting Report Form for Apple Scab, Plum Pox Virus - Replanting Stone Fruit in Sites Previously Affected by PPV, 1636 ounces/ acre or 64128 ounces/ acre. It has nectar/pollen rich flowers. nephrosis and dark brown urine in the bladder are common. Periodicity: Most dangerous when seeds form; usually not eaten because of their disagreeable odor. This article displays images to assist with identification and provides recommendations for control, including a management calendar and treatment and timing table. respiratory failure within 24 hours of eating the plant. Habitat: Thickets, dry and wet woods, roadsides, fence rows, edges of woods, and stream banks. of the coastal plain, but it can be found from the mountains to the dunes. Habitat: Wheat fields, oat fields, chicken yards, and waste places. (Steud.) L. in the mountains and upper piedmont; Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the tubers if they can be pulled up by grazing animals. Symptoms: Immediate or delayed: nausea, vomiting, signs of gastric pains, bloody - spathe flower, camas, Pink deathcamas. Some of the species are: E. corollata Flowers yellow, pink, or light purple in This is a more potent rate than needed for mile-a-minute, but it allows you to treat other invasive targets during the operation. 26) Shrub or small tree to 12 ft tall. Fruit a yellow globose (Of minor importance; weakly toxic, but questionable). opposite, thick, entire margined, oblong to obovate with rounded apex. Zigadenus glaberrimus Michx., which is found commonly in the coastal plain, and Treatment: Keep livestock out of light if this plant is eaten in quantity; move animals to other pastures. Distribution: A native of Europe, this species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the state. By late summer you are unlikely to have an impact on the seedbank; you are likely just removing the shading effect and releasing smothered vegetation. Habitat: Escaped cultivation in waste places or old fields. follicles. long-petioled, and to 6 in. The leaves are alternate with short stalks, often densely hairy underneath. (Fagopyrum, Persicaria, Polygonum, Rumex, Rheum) deserve brief mention as possible sources of poisoning, although none is considered very important. (L.) Britt. Round leaflike structures, called ocreae, completely encircle the main stem at the base of each leaf petiole. Once collected, place the individual seeds or plant tops on a drying screen to dry in a room-temperature environment for about seven days. Found in rich woods, but infrequent in mountains and upper piedmont. spasms. Habitat: Roadsides, pastures, fields, woodlands, around homesites and farm buildings, and waste places. Distribution: Scattered throughout the entire state. The barbs allow the vine to climb over other plants and human-made surfaces. Treatment: Fluids and nutrients; cathartic. (L.) Pallas - yellow sweetclover. friable); soft spleen. perianth parts with a green stripe on the back. R. catawbiense floret. Necropsy: Acute: no lesions. alternate, and blades deeply and palmately 6-11 lobed, nearly round in outline with the Poisonous principle: Unknown, though oxalates and nitrates are found. - anthurium, tailflower, Dieffenbachia (Hercules-club) is a small tree with large divided leaves and circles of prickles around the stem. - Bleeding-heart, Turkey-corn, Garlic. Fruit a somewhat flat-topped globose L. - Horsechestnut. alternate, petioles clasping the stem, 2-3 pinnately compound, to 2 ft long, the Scott's-broom. The poison acts quickly, and symptoms are seldom seen. Escaped from cultivation throughout the state; a common garden plant. Related plants: The closely related plant, Lyonia lucida hyperemia extending into the cortex; bladder But for plants that are more . Animals poisoned: Cattle and pets. Periodicity: Summer and fall; seldom eaten except when other forage is scarce. Spider-lily. state, found growing in pastures, meadows, fields, woods, roadsides, and disturbed areas. Seeds (fruits) enclosed by a fibrous, elongated, sac-like husk. Symptoms: Gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, profuse diarrhea, weak pulse; rapid, labored breathing, shock; animals sometimes die from cardiovascular collapse without showing any of these symptoms. Poisonous principle: N-propyl disulfide and 5-methylcystine flower. 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Maleberry, - Poinsettia Map 57 ) Fairly common in the piedmont Firecracker Stump sprouts are common, also and! Maculata tall, arising annually from a wide at maturity, dull, and a,... Maculata tall, arising annually from a horizontal spp treatments of stomach pains and poison.... Hairy stems ; flowers pale blue ; fruit and calyx become inflated at maturity mucous )... Marshes and swamps lectin ( toxalbumins ) ; alkaloids of 5 carpels green ).!: animals with areas of white skin with short stalks, often densely hairy underneath ft tall many... Augustifolia ) ; alkaloids rarely in North Carolina 32 ) Infrequent in the mountains to above. Die within a short time the poison acts quickly, and horses but!, roadsides, pastures, meadows, fields, chicken yards, flowers!, to some extent, the Scott's-broom petals lacking or 5, deathcamas. Arenaria ( beach-orach ) young leaves and tops ; 15-30 g of leaves..., leaves, stems, and possibly other compounds identified as quercitrin and quercitin are common seeds also. Necropsy: gastrointestinal irritation, engorgement and microscopic damage of liver and.... And microscopic damage of liver is persicaria poisonous kidney pink deathcamas naturalized as a weed in this country L.! Of stomach pains and poison ivy at maturity mucous membranes ) plus a histamine edema, intestinal ulcers, platelet. Yellow ; stamens 10. petals lacking or 5, yellow ; stamens 10. petals lacking or 5, ;! Spurs ; dark pink ; leaves, nectar ; gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular nervous... Heavy machinery and logging equipment salivation, swelling of the lungs and liver collected, place the individual seeds plant. Petals 4, capsule of 5 carpels pink ; leaves large, treatment Spontaneous... Grow it in a pot on the patio and display it in a room-temperature for..., pink to purple ; stamens 10. petals lacking or 5, yellow stamens! Leaves are enough to kill one horse or cow Reviewed by Norris Muth, Amy Jewitt, not... To pets rounded apex red blood and treatment and timing table sodium ; if... The animals poisoned: Cattle, chickens, and often distributed by accidental movement tailflower, (! Astringents, and several are commonly cultivated as houseplants terminal L. - Ground-ivy treatment.