african presence in early america pdfafrican presence in early america pdf

How central the role was that African Americans played has never been completely told and, unfortunately, a pivotal part of that history has been excluded from this exhibit. Speaking specifically about the African influence on the Olmec culture, historian Zecharia Sitchin provides this view: It is an embarrassing enigma, because it challenges scholars and prideful nationalists to explain how people from Africa could have come to the New World not hundreds but thousands of years before Columbus, and how they could have developed, seemingly overnight, the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica. It is in contradiction to the most elementary logic and to all artistic experience to suggest that these ancient Olmec artists could have depicted, with such detail, African facial features they had never seen., According to Von Wuthenau, [t]he startling fact is that in all parts of Mexico, from Campeche in the east to the southeast of Guerrero, and from Chiapas, next to the Guatemalan border, to the Panuco River in the Huasteca region (north of Veracruz) archeological pieces representing Negro or Negroid people have been found, especially in archaic or pre-classic sites. The African Presence in Ancient America Revisited is historian Runoko Rashidis new DVD. I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world10 Since Melgars discovery sixteen other colossal stone heads have been found in many parts of Mexico, including ancient sacred sites such as La Venta and Tres Zapotes in southern Mexico. 7 0 obj In America we have no antecedents for the construction of pyramids, for example, whereas there is a clear series of evolving steps and stages [in pyramid building] in the Egypto-Nubian world., Van Sertima asks, Where do the first miniature step pyramid and the first manmade mountain or conical pyramid appear in America? How African was the early human dispersal out of Africa, Dr. Scobie was a major authority on the African presence in early Western Europe. Visions for Black Men Nashville: Winston-Derek, 1991. When most people think about ancient Mexico, the first civilizations that come to mind are the Incas, Aztecs and the Maya. Unearthing the African Presence in Colonial New York (for the general audience) Report [PDF - 13 MB] Credits, Acknowledgments, and Table of Contents [PDF - 2 MB] Volume I The Secular Use of Lower Manhattan's African Burial Ground. African Americans are largely the descendants of enslaved people who were brought from their African homelands by force to work in the New World. Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient America, op. It is based on his July 2017 group tour to Mexico One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. After the Civil War, the racist legacy of slavery . In Egypt there are numerous sculptures depicting four figurines symbolically holding up the sky. Cites Thor Heydals Atlantic crossing to demonstrate the possibility of Egyptians crossing the Atlantic and argues that both East and West Africans had the capacity for trans Atlantic travel . For example, there are hand-shaped incense spoons found in Olmec sites that are almost identical to their Eyptian counterparts and have similar names. Muffett, p 155-163. African Americans are mainly of African ancestry, but many have non-Black ancestors as well. To begin with, and as a significant example, a Feb. 15, 1986, report carried by the, chronicled that: "The oldest Stone Age hut in Japan has been unearthed near Osaka. <> On Monday [October 13 2014], Americas government offices, businesses, and banks all grind to a halt in order to commemorate Columbus Day. Collossol Afro-Olmec head of basalt wearing Nubian type war helmet, circa 1100 B.C. Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text. The unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered is undeniable. Uploaded by "The African presence is proven by stone heads, terra cottas, skeletons, artifacts, techniques and inscriptions, by oral traditions and documented history, by botanical, linguistic and cultural data. Rev. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs].27 Finally, in February of 1975, a team from the Smithsonian Institute reported the discovery of two Negroid male skeletons in a grave in the U.S. Virgin Islands. On September 24th, 2016, the National Museum of African American History and Culture opened in Washington, D.C. Out of Stock. The first one is between 800 and 700 BC, during the 25th dynasty of the Egyptian Pharaonic civilization. It makes a convincing case for pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the slave trade. www.globalresearch.ca contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. to 1100 B.C. In using standard scientific measurements of skull shape and the formation of the face, Wiercinski found a clear prevalence of the total Negroid pattern26, In this same vein, historian Frederick Peterson has written that [w]e can trace the progress of man in Mexico without noting any definite Old World influence during this period (1000-650 B.C.) He could not know Gobekli Tepe, the surrounding settlements, the Natufian villages, etc., all going back to 12,000 years BC which is more than 6,000 or 7,000 years before the Egyptian civilization and 9,000 before the invention of the first known writing system in the Middle East, the Sumerian writing system too often identified as the Akkadian cuneiform writing system because the scribes were Akkadian speaking a Semitic language though the language was Sumerian, a synthetic-analytical language, probably post-agglutinative. The information presented on this page and in the brochure is explored at greater length in Fishers' Discovering Early California Afro-Latino Presence (Heyday Books, 2010). Olmecs are perhaps best known for the carved colossal heads found in Central Mexico, that exhibit an unmistakably African Negroid appearance. When viewed in their totality these cultural similarities strongly suggest that there was contact between the ancient Africans from the Nile Valley and the Olmec people. Loewen, James A. The original Olmecs were Native Americans who were very probably colonized and acculturated by Africans who settled their homeland. Stone carving of Negroid person found in area close to Washitaw Territories, Southern U.S. Call Number: Africana Library DS28.A35 A37x 1995 Publication Date: 1995 African Presence in Early Europe by Ivan Van Sertima, ed. In his. In fact, in 445 BC, the Greek historian Herodotus wrote of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs great seafaring and navigational skills. One can only wonder how Columbus could have discovered America when people were watching him from Americas shores? It insists on the leading role it played in some periods and it tries to find out in what periods there existed contact between Black Africa and the Americas. $ 14.29 - $ 27.29. Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa., Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. Of enormous importance both for European and for American history, this book mixes empirical material and theoretical approaches, and addresses such issues as stereotypes, changing black African identities, and cultural representation in art and . Be the first one to, New Brunswick, U.S.A. : Transaction Publishers, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, America -- Discovery and exploration -- African, urn:lcp:africanpresencei0000unse:lcpdf:e9d7ac7a-7f27-448d-a914-e93f9767cdf9, urn:lcp:africanpresencei0000unse:epub:33e1058d-23e5-49ab-9e20-50b036e1ca76, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Part I. Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads. But, in the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of the story. Are you ready to come out from where you hide? However, at La Venta in Mexico, the Olmecs made a fully finished pyramid, with no signs of progressive learning. Joan, Eahr Amelia. Out of Stock. N17 9HT. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. Further Reading "African American History in the American West." In a very ancient epoch, wrote historian Riva Palacio, or before the existence of the Otomies [native Americans] or better yet invading them, the Black race occupied our territory This race brought its religious ideas and its own cult., Author C.C. As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the publication of They Came Before Columbus by the late Rutgers University professor, Ivan Van Sertima, we must reveal to the world the grandeur of Africa by highlighting the achievements of some of its great navigators and rulers. Publication date 1992 Topics Blacks . In an oral tradition recorded in the Titulo Coyoi, a major document of the Maya, the parasol is specifically mentioned as having been brought to the New World by foreigners who traveled by sea from the east.36, The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA It makes a convincing case for pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the slave trade. This also holds true for large sections of Mesoamerica and far into South America Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru, reveals the unmistakable combination of the kinky hair, broad nose, generous lips, frequency of prognathism (projecting jaws), occasional goatee beard, and sometimes distinctly African ear pendants, hairstyles, tattoo markings, and coloration.. The volume is profusely illustrated. The material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research and educational purposes. African Americans, one of the largest of the many ethnic groups in the United States. African Presence in Early America by Ivan Van Sertima, ed. One of the worlds most renowned craniologists, Polish professor Andrzej Wiercinski, revealed to the 41, In this same vein, historian Frederick Peterson has written that [w]e can trace the progress of man in Mexico without noting any definite Old World influence during this period (1000-650 B.C.) They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. . Raboteau has said, all African-American study "speaks to the deeper meaning of the African-American presence in this nation. In The First Americans Were Africans, Dr. Imhotep also makes this same passionate and comprehensive case for a radical rewrite of orthodox history. CIIS Library Database. This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. N . Further concrete evidence, noted by Dr. Imhotep and largely ignored by Euro-centric archaeologists, includes Egyptian artifacts found across North America from the Algonquin writings on the East Coast to the artifacts and Egyptian place names in the Grand Canyon.. Divining America The Foreign Missionary Movement in 19th Bronze head of an ancient king from Benin, West Africa, The tradition of fine sculpture in West Africa goes back long before 1000 B.C. 5 Ancient Black Civilizations That Were Not in Africa, be revised before people could look again at the hypothesis of an African presence in early America. Sitchin contends that the mesoamerican civilization rose because of the settlement of some of the Anunnaki in Mexico and in Per, moving from Sumer with the aid of some humans recruited in Sumer and in Western Africa (and Egypt). In this summary, however, we are confining ourselves to a particular geographic region (the Gulf of Mexico), a particular culture complex or civilization (known as Olmecs), and a particular period of history (948-680 B.C. As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans.6 Also during the sixteenth century after the advent of Columbus, but before the universal enslavement of Africans Cabello de Balboa cited a group of seventeen Black people who, after being shipwrecked in Ecuador, became governors of an entire province of native Americans.7. African Presence Asia-America - Worksheet 4-2.docx 3 pages The Roots of Nubian Christianity - Worksheet 1.pdf 2 pages AFS 201 FINAL EXAM.doc 3 pages LOST PHARAOHS OF NUBIA - Worksheet 2.pdf 3 pages Greco-Africana - Worksheet 5.docx 3 pages COMPETENCY WORKSHEET #4 (1).pdf 2 pages Africans.pdf 3 pages Its about time education policy makers reexamine their school curriculums to adjust for Americas long pre-Columbus history. Van Sertima states that what clinches the argument for the African presence in early (pre-Columbian) America are the skulls and skeletons of African people that were found on the ancient Olmec site. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa.14 Finally, historian Orozco y Berra declared in his History of the Conquest of Mexico, that there was, unquestionably, a significant, ongoing, and intimate pre-Columbian relationship between Mexicans and Africans.15. 2 0 obj Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern (Journal of African Civilizations ; Vol. or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. The New York Times has stated that this long awaited monument to centuries of African American suffering and triumphs makes a powerful declaration: The African-American story is a central part of the American story.. Tottenham. On the strength of the colossal Olmec heads and other evidence, several early Mexican scholars concurred with Melgars contention that Black people settled the New World, particularly Mexico, in antiquity. She is also W.E.B. 1995. In light of the vast evidence available (far more, for example, than that of the Vikings) of an African presence in ancient America, why is this information virtually unknown to the general public? Islam in the African-American Experience Second Edition Mississippian Moundbuilders and the Red Stick Creek Resistance to Settler Colonialism, With Examples of Black Indigenous Sovereignty. Book excerpt: Examines cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans, offering evidence of the presence of African explorers in the New World centuries before the arrival of Columbus. Contrary to popular belief, African American history did not start with slavery in the New World. Sun 17 September 2017 16:00 - 19:00. In the following account the authors Anthony D. Hill, associate professor of drama at The Ohio State University, and Douglas Q. Barnett, director, producer, and founder of Black Arts/West in Seattle, discuss why they created the Historical Dictionary of African American Theater, the first comprehensive Read MoreThe Black Presence in Theater through the Centuries in the Historical . Re-Genesis Encyclopedia: Synthesis of the Spiritual Dark Motherline, Integral Research, Labyrinth Learning, and EcoThealogy. to the African continent and its inhabitants, reinforced by Renaissance ideas and conditions. xMkA@tl.F3!iI!B>C[Ev 6_rs]]nu|da{](>Jp||Zp&~7w[8w @PK}#@,xG Collosal head of Afro-Olmec (Xi) warrior-king, circa 1100 B.C. Such incredible nautical achievements are not as daunting as they seem, given that Everybody has to become aware of this revision of history. Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty. At the same time, the work in no way denies the importance of the Columbus voyages for opening up the New World to Europe, and hence changing the economic and . It asserted the historical participation of Black Africa as far back as the birth of the Egyptian civilization. One might merely ask himself: if Africans were not present in the Americas before Columbus, why the typically African physiognomy on the monuments? For instance, ancient portraits of the Quetzalcoatl, a messiah serpent god, and Ek-ahua, the god of war, are unquestionably Negro with dark skin and wooly hair. early Aztecs, were profoundly influenced by Abu Bakari and his agents in the areas of technology, economics, religion, and the arts. <> They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America. Face of Afro-Olmec child carved on the waste "belt" of an Olmec ballplayer, Back to Historical Views | AfricaSpeaks.com, Check for historical references and literature, THE VANISHING EVIDENCE OF CLASSICAL AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS. File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. In his Journal of the Second Voyage, Columbus wrote that when he reached Haiti, then labeled Espanola, the native people told him that black skinned people had come from the south and southeast in ships trading in gold tipped metal spears. Historian Nicholas Cheetham writes of the exaggeratedly Negroid features of the stone heads.20 Finally, another scholar, Floyd Hayes, has provided the following thought provoking assessment of the racial significance of the colossal stone heads: One might merely ask himself: if Africans were not present in the Americas before Columbus, why the typically African physiognomy on the monuments? BLACK AFRICAS HISTORY This book was salvational in many ways at the time of its publication. In schools up and down the country, little children are taught that a heroic Italian explorer discovered America, and various events and parades are held to celebrate the occasion. Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and amazingly negroid in character.16, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads17 European journalist and Olmec specialist, Walter Hanf, describes carved colossal heads with Negroid features, deformed and close-shaven skulls, blunt noses, and protruding lips.18 Author and anthropologist Sharon McKern states that the colossal heads are inescapably Negroid.19. The growing body of evidence is now becoming simply too loud to ignore. ), Matthew M. Stirling, Discovering the New World: Oldest Dated Work of Man,, W. Hayes III, The African Presence in America Before Columbus,. African Presence in Early America (1987) is focused on contact between Africa and America towards the close of the Bronze Age (circa 948-680 B.C.) This paper analyzes one such claim made about Mesoamerica and its supposed West African, Nubian, and Egyptian roots made by Ivan Van Sertima, a former professor of an Ivy League university. on January 27, 2020, There are no reviews yet. However, during the early 1940s archeologists uncovered a civilization known as the Olmecs of 1200 BC, which pre-dated any other advanced civilization in the Americas. The most striking similarities between the two cultures are seen in the magnificent stone structures that have been found on both sides of the Atlantic. The Olmecs were an advanced state and have been called the Cultura Madre of Pre-classic Mesoamerica; what perhaps defines them is the cosmopolitan nature of many of their artifacts. endobj A clear indicator of pre-Columbus African trans-Atlantic travel is the recent archeological findings of narcotics native to America in Ancient Egyptian mummies, which have astounded contemporary historians. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west; Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? African Americans History & Culture Britannica.com endobj villages, no pyramid appears until much later.40, While we could continue to cite infinite similarities between ancient African and New World cultures in various fields including linguistics and botany, let us turn instead to consider the likely origin of the Africans who appear to have reached and profoundly influenced American culture thousands of years before Columbus. This also holds true for large sections of Mesoamerica and far into South America Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru22 For years the Diego Rivera Museum of Mexico housed the Alexander von Wuthenau Collection of remarkable figurines depicting Black priests, chiefs, dancers, wrestlers, drummers, and others across the social spectrum. ), Marco Merlini, Neo-Eneolithic Literacy in Southeastern Europe: an Inquiry into the Danube, Biblioteca Brukenthal XXXIII, Ministery of Culture of Romania and Brukenthal National Museum, Editura Altip, Alba Iulia, Ningishzidda and Ishkur - The Anunnaki connections between Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Mesoamerica, Analysis of Ivan Van Sertima's Afrocentric claims on Mesoamerica, An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing, Olmec Origins: A Look Into Their Cosmopolitan Origins, 13 clyde winters An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION revised, Black Warrior Dynasty: Afrocentricity and the New World, They Were Not Here Before Columbus: Afrocentricity in the 1990's, Unboxing Atlantis A top-down review of what we know, and don't know, about the Atlantean through Megalithic Period continents and cities; 36,000 -2,000 YBP, An Indelible Imprint of Literacy: The Olmec and African Presence in Pre-Columbian America (2007), How Drawing Becomes Writing: Proto-Orthography in the Codex Borbonicus, Sex in the Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, The dravidian and mayan relation ship a comparisonWho Brought The Mayans To Mexico? Similarities across early American and African religions also indicate significant cross-cultural contact. Even among the Maya, where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C. 5 Ancient Black Civilizations That Were Not in Africa Their rights were severely limited, and they were long denied a . The ink of a scholar's pen is holier than the blood of the martyr. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. Understand evolution from watch groups to formalized police agencies. ASSATA-GARVEY AND ME: A Global African Journey for Children $ 20.00 Read more; BLACK STAR: AFRICAN PRESENCE IN EARLY EUROPE $ 39.95 Read more; AFRICAN STAR OVER ASIA: The Black Presence in the East $ 39.95 Read more; Queens of the Nile & Women of Power Scroll $ 19.95 Read more stream An overwhelming body of new evidence is emerging which proves that Africans had frequently sailed across the Atlantic to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus and indeed before Christ. %PDF-1.5 Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. This book provides convincing evidence that the Americas were settled far earlier than thought and that the earliest inhabitants probably came from Africa." Gregory Little Ph.D. author of The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Mounds & Earthworks Read more Print length 374 pages Language English Publisher AuthorHouse Publication date To order the pamphlet, visit heydaybooks.com. The case for African contacts with pre-Columbian America, in spite of a number of understandable gaps and a few minor elements of contestable data, is no longer based on the fanciful conjecture and speculation of romantics. 4. Ancient trans-Atlantic similarities in botany, religion and pyramid building constitute but a fraction of the signs of African influence in ancient America. station39.cebu Dozens of their skulls and cave writings have been found dating back to 50,000 years. 7-The Underrepresentation of African American Female, The Olmecs: An African Presence in Early America (In Celebration of Black History Month) By Paul A. Barton The Perspective February 28, 2001 According to an archeologist who recently participated in archeological work in Mexico, One of the most ancient civilizations in the Americas, the Black (Negritic) Olmecs developed a calendar that goes , during the nineteenth dynasty Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America Columbus: the African continent and inhabitants., where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C about Ancient Mexico, that exhibit an unmistakably African appearance! Native Americans who were very probably colonized and acculturated by Africans who their. Perhaps best known for the carved colossal heads found in Olmec sites that are almost to... Been discovered at Ancient and Modern ( Journal of African civilizations ; Vol out from where you hide not... Work in the first Americans were Africans, Dr. Imhotep also makes this same passionate and case... Olmecs are perhaps best known for the carved colossal heads found in Central Mexico, the racist legacy slavery! 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